Philip Marsden

The life cycle of the limpet teaches universal truths

Adam Nicolson studies the drama of life in rock pools to better understand the world’s ecosystems — and human relationships

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From his homemade pools, he also lifts his gaze to take in other aspects of the shoreline — geology, tides and clan history. The intertidal zone is a place of cultural as well as physical ambiguity, of drownings and hauntings, the twilight territory of the sìth (the invariably malignant Gaelic ‘fairies’). It is where the tensions between Campbells and Macleans spill over into murder and violence. He manages — at a bit of a stretch — to link all these back to the simple creatures in his pools. Their fears hold in them the same cautionary message as in ours: ‘Take advantage of the world, it says, and eat its fruits, but recognise the danger that lurks in strange places.’

Nicolson’s overarching theme in this book picks up on another strand of eco-thinking — one that goes to the very heart of what ecology is, and which has recently been given new impetus. In his pools is a tension that is necessary to keep the habitat balanced. Fierce competition and vicious predation go on, but each species needs the others to prevent a trophic cascade that would harm them all. And therein lies the paradox: to survive, to live, to reproduce requires intricate devices of communication with your own subtle secretions and smell-detection — but also the unconscious acceptance that the crab crushing you to death is needed for the continuation of the species.

Examples of the inter-dependence of different organisms, even mutual care, are being discovered all over the natural world. ‘Being with others,’ muses Nicolson, ‘makes us who we are, and the acceptance of others enlarges us.’ It takes impressive ambition to lead readers from the life-cycle of a limpet to an axiom that cuts to the core of what it is to be human. But the great pleasure of this book — and so much of Nicolson’s recent work — is that he does not allow the specifics of his enquiries to keep him from probing the big questions.

The final scene has him pushing out from shore in his little boat. Two philosophers are on board with him, in the shape of a book by George Steiner about Martin Heidegger. With the required caveat about Heidegger (his having been an unapologetic Nazi), our oil-skinned narrator can call on his ideas to endorse his own. Heidegger dismissed both Plato’s yearnings for a better world and Aristotle’s proto-scientific focus on physical reality. ‘I have always thought,’ admits Nicolson, ‘that neither science nor religion is good enough. But what to put in their place?’

A solution of sorts comes from his ghostly crew. The concern of all three aboard is the perennial problem of how to be in the world. Each one has spent a long and varied career addressing it. Steiner provides the phrases that come closest to an answer, perhaps because they have a Nicolsonian ring to them: ‘The highest densities of meaning lying in the immediate… the luminous thereness of what is.’ What better illustrates that than a figure hunched over a rock pool, peering down into its sun-flecked depths?

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